A Very Thoughtful Look Into Inner City Violence And The...

Part biography, part social view, a very thoughtful look into inner-city violence and the rules surrounding it. This book describes how his personal history with violence influenced his work with youth and the programs that he has started to support youth. Geoffrey Canada describes the progression of violence that had happened in his lifetime. He also points out that there is a disturbing difference between what the streets were like in the 1960s compared to those of today. Mr. Canada is a great storyteller and is thoroughly convincing. His Book Fist Stick Knife Gun, is a great explanation of violence and poverty in late 20th century here in America. His story of how he changed from a timid and frightened child into a young man who could hold his own in a fight in the streets is written in a believable way. Canada actually learned the way of the streets because he grew up in the streets It first started when he was a child when he and his friends used their fists to settle disputes and to gain a reputation that would bring respect from the other kids in the neighborhood. Sometimes those disputes would escalate with other weapons like a knife. Mr. Canada grew up in the South Bronx in the 1960s, when violence was ever-present but guns were not. There were a very few adult men in the neighborhood, and the police were of very little assistance. When he was not even old enough to be in first grade he was mugged on multiple times by older, bigger kids. He wasShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book Fist Stick Knife Gun By Geoffrey Canada Essay2179 Words   |  9 PagesGeoffrey Canada pens a book that is part biography, part social view, a very thoughtful look into inner-city violence and the rules surrounding it. The book describes how his personal history with violence influenced his work with youth and the programs that he has started to support them. Geoffrey Canada describes the progression of violence that had happened in his lifetime. He also points out that th ere is a disturbing difference between what the streets were like in the 1960s compared to thoseRead MoreAnita Desai, A Modern Indo English Writer Essay3158 Words   |  13 Pageson the highly debatable contemporary issues. Anita Desai is a keen observer of the society and the position of the women in the contemporary society draws her special attention. The novels of Anita Desai are noted for the profound probing into the inner life and feelings of the women, bounded by the shackles of the middle class. They are the explorations of the family problems, which perhaps is the chief cause behind the estrangement of the women from their family. Literature for her is not a meansRead MoreImpact of Print Media on Society10439 Words   |  42 Pagesdedicated to the glory of God (1 Corinthians 10:31). iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am grateful for my committee members: Dr. Cynthia Hutchinson, for her excellent coaching as my major professor through the doctoral program; Dr. David Boote, for his thorough, thoughtful and timely feedback over the course of the program; Dr. Eleanor Witta for her patience in dealing with the statistically challenged, and Dr. Rufus Barfield, a researcher and brother in Christ, who literally took me by the hand and prayed with meRead MoreComparison Between Japan and Russia13811 Words   |  56 Pagesanthem because of its association with militarism and worship of the emperor Tsunami Devastates Japan Japan was hit by a massive earthquake on March 11, 2011, that triggered a deadly 23-foot tsunami in the countrys north. The giant waves deluged cities and rural areas alike, sweeping away cars, homes, buildings, a train, and boats, leaving a path of death and devastation in its wake. Video footage showed cars racing away from surging waves. The United States Geological Survey reported the earthquakeRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 Pagesis predicated on the belief of the general ability of the public to discern between what is beneficial for them and what is not †¢ Censorship by and within the mass media itself. E.g. US: news agencies like CNN do not broadcast pornography and violence on a daily basis; the former perhaps not at all. Demonstration of their belief that society at large is not fundamentally concerned with and interested in such material †¦ manifestation of the maturity of society at large (profit motive: will notRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pages....................... 165 Abusing Rules of Grammar .............................................................................................................. 167 Using and Over-Using Euphemisms .............................................................................................. 169 Unintended Innuendo ....................................................................................................................... 172 Disobeying Rules of Discourse........................Read MoreMethods of Qualitative of Data Collection19658 Words   |  79 Pagesrelative to the participants: Does she view herself as distant and objective or intimately involved in their lives? Third, what is the â€Å"direction of her ‘gaze’†: Is it outward, toward others—externalizing the research problem—or does it include explicit inner contemplation? Fourth, what is the purpose of the research: Does she assume that the primary purpose of the study is professional and essentially private (e.g., promoting her career), or is it intended to be useful and informative to the participantsRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 PagesMcAuley, Duberley and Johnson have provided. They have done some sterling service in bringing together the very diverse strands of work that today qualify as constituting the subject of organisational theory. Whilst their writing is accessible and engaging, their approach is scholarly and serious. It is so easy for students (and indeed others who should know better) to trivialize this very problematic and challenging subject. This is not the case with the present book. This is a book that deservesRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesWhetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Editor in Chief: Eric Svendsen Acquisitions Editor: Kim Norbuta Editorial Project Manager: Claudia Fernandes Director of Marketing: Patrice Lumumba Jones MarketingRead MoreSda Manual Essay101191 Words   |  405 Pages................ Authority of the Church ............................................................ Church Responsible for Dealing With Sin ............................... Unconsecrated Resist Church Discipline ................................. Rules and Regulations Necessary ............................................ 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Hamlet Would of Made a Good King Essay - 1068 Words

When a little boy is born an heir to the throne, the correct process is to grow up and take the place as king. For Hamlet, the protagonist in Hamlet by William Shakespeare, that process is shockingly interrupted. For he was likely, had he been put on, / To have proved most royal (V.ii.390-391). This quote was said by Frontinbras saying if Hamlet had lived he would of proved to be a great king. Throughout the play, Hamlet has shown that he had all the qualities that would have made him a remarkable king. Hamlet was an intelligent, rational, clever person who had good morals. His intelligence lead him to outwit his enemy, his rationality lead him to make good decisions, his cleverness lead him to seek the truth and his morals kept him†¦show more content†¦Hamlet had the chance to kill Claudius and seek his revenge but he stopped and thought rationally about what would happen if he did. Now might I do it pat. Now he is a-praying./And now I’ll do ’t. And so he goes to heaven./And so am I revenged.—That would be scanned./A villain kills my father, and, for that,/I, his sole son, do this same villain send/To heaven./Oh, this is hire and salary, not revenge./He took my father grossly, full of bread,/With all his crimes broad blown, as flush as May./And how his audit stands who knows save heaven?/But in our circumstance and course of thought/Tis heavy with him. And am I then revenged/To take him in the purging of his soul/When he is fit and seasoned for his passage?/No./Up, sword, and know thou a more horrid hent./When he is drunk asleep, or in his rage,/Or in th incestuous pleasure of his bed,/At game a-swearing, or about some act/ That has no relish of salvation in ’t—/Then trip him, that his heels may kick at heaven,/And that his soul may be as damned and black/As hell, whereto it goes. My mother stays/This physic but prolongs thy sickly days(III.iii.74-96). This quotation displays how Hamlet used his rationality in making the decision to either kill Claudius or not. Hamlet thought carefully about what would happen if Claudius died. If Claudius died, he would go to heaven while Hamlets father would still be in between. That would not be revenging his father death, that would only make Claudius go toShow MoreRelatedBetrayal In Shakespeares Hamlet1395 Words   |  6 Pagestrust for anything. Right? However in the William Shakespeare s tragedy, Hamlet, he exposes the few wicked relationships within different character s transactions. This essay expresses how without support or a backbone in a relationship can be detriment to any self growth for the future. Shakespeare devotes his scripting to narrate the hideous ironic death of each main character from the act of betrayal. Some traits that Hamlet possesses which people inaccurately diagnosed him with insanity. SignsRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Prince Hamlet1611 Words   |  7 Pages3/16/15 ERWC Mr. Howes The Tragedy of Prince Hamlet King Hamlet’s death left a mark on everyone in the castle, after a while that all began to change when Claudius married Hamlet’s mother. Hamlet felt that everybody should be mourning his father’s death, and he felt betrayed by the sudden marriage. Hamlet becomes mad once he sees his father as a ghost and seeks to avenge his father’s death, not knowing that this would lead to his death. The grief of King Hamlet’s death and the reactions of his lovedRead More Appearance Vs. Reality Essay1619 Words   |  7 Pages In Hamlet, one of Shakespeares greatest plays, the young prince of Denmark must uncover the truth about his fathers death. Hamlet shows a play that tells the story of a young prince whose father recently died. Hamlets uncle Claudius marries his mother the queen and takes the throne. As the play is told Hamlet finds out his father was murdered by the recently crowned king. The theme that remains constant throughout the play is appearance vers us reality. Things within the play appear to be true andRead MoreReflection Of The Lion King1692 Words   |  7 Pagesone of his first plays I was introduced to was Hamlet; I just didn’t know it. I was sitting in my living room one day when I heard â€Å"Naaaaaansagonya† (or however it’s spelled) come from the tv, I looked up and I saw animals all around and there was music, I loved it. This movie that was playing turned out to be The Lion King, and without knowing it I would be learning the basic story amid Hamlet at about 4 or 5. For those who don’t know the Lion King follows the story of a young lion Simba on hisRead MoreHamlet Prevailing Themes Act One1055 Words   |  5 PagesAnguish and Frustration Hamlet is the only character in act one that seems to be deeply affected by the passing of the last king. In fact, Queen Gertrude and King Claudius are quite jubilant because of their new found love and power together. This greatly contributes to the Anguish Hamlet feels because nobody else can identify with his loss. Hamlet’s anguish and frustration is clearly highlighted when he says this to himself, â€Å"O God! a beast that wants discourse of reason, Would have mourn’d longerRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet - Hamlet And The Ghost Essay1550 Words   |  7 PagesAlthough written over 400 hundred years ago, Hamlet remains a puzzling and complex play, partially due to the ambiguous Queen Gertrude. The Queen is a puzzling character as her motives are unclear and readers question her intentions throughout the play. Townsend and Pace in The Many Faces Of Gertrude: Opening And Closing Possibilities In Classroom Talk view her â€Å"as a simple-minded, shallow woman...who has no self beyond a sexual one† while Harmonie Loberg in Queen Gertrude: Monarch, Mother, MurdererRead MoreImportant Elements Of Secrecy In Hamlet1085 Words   |  5 Pagesextent would you agree with this statement? In Shakespeare’s play Hamlet, there are elements of secrecy and I would argue that secrecy is not necessarily the most important characteristic because there are lots of moments of spying within the play too. However, I agree that Claudius’ secret of murdering King Hamlet defines the play and drives the plot because everything that happens seems to be caused because of it. Firstly, we are made aware and included with Claudius’ secret (killing King Hamlet)Read MoreThe Characters Traits of Hamlet Essay813 Words   |  4 PagesHamlet is a Shakespearian tragedy that takes place in the kingdom of Denmark. The plot consists of murder, betrayal, revenge, suicide and insanity. Hamlet the prince of Denmark, main character of Hamlet, has many character traits which are contrasted by other figures in the play. Hamlet’s personality is especially contrasted by three other main male figures of the play being Horatio, Claudius, and Laertes. Horatio is Hamlet’s best friend in the play whom is let into the mind and secretsRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet1284 Words   |  5 Pagesretaliation. Shakespeare’s Hamlet contemplates revenge throughout the story. Madness and revenge are similar themes in the movie, The Lion King, where the main character, Simba, is faced with the death of his father, leading him to do whatever it takes to seek revenge. This is where madness usually is introduced as a problem within a character, and this problem leads to the character doing things that they don’t usually do, sometimes dangerous things. The fathers of both Hamlet and Simba die, and theRead MoreIs Hamlet Mad Research Essay971 Words   |  4 PagesIs Hamlet Mad Research Essay Although he is depressed, Hamlet is a sane man pretending to be mad for a very specific purpose, to solve the murder of his father. The beginning of the play Hamlet gives the impression he is insane. Anytime he interacts with the characters he acts out of control and mad. On the other hand, when Hamlet has his alone time or with Horatio he is composed and sane. Furthermore, Hamlet is not mad, he is acting as though he is mad to formulate his feelings, new plans, and

Aspects of Creative Work Free Essays

string(64) " the beams matched with the back of a fallen rhododendron leaf\." Aspects of creative work: Fallingwater by Frank Lloyd Wright A creative work is a manifestation of creative effort such as artwork, literature, music, paintings, and software. Creative works have in common a degree of arbitrariness, such that it is improbable that two people would independently create the same work. Creative works are part of property rights. We will write a custom essay sample on Aspects of Creative Work or any similar topic only for you Order Now A creative work depends on how you look at that particular art. Every art or craft is not creative for us or for everyone. When we say something is creative we always have some reference. If one says a building is creative we always compare it with all principles of design whether it is in harmony or contrast with the surroundings or if it is balanced or the whole building is in unity or not. I have tried to understand aspects of creative work by studying Frank Lloyd Wright’s Fallingwater. In 1933, Kaufmann’s asked Frank Lloyd Wright to design a new weekend house in Bear Run, a stream which flows at 1298 feet above sea level and then breaks to fall about 20 feet. Kaufmann’s needed a year round weekend house, with all modern conveniences, away from the highway and closer to the waterfalls. Instead of designing a house which overlooks waterfalls, Wright designed a house on the waterfalls. Wright says,† I think you can hear the waterfall when you look at the design. 1 When Wright first drew sketch of the house he imagined a house with series of terraces or ledged which would appear to be mere extension to the cliff. These reinforced 1 Wright, in a conversation with Hugh Downs at Taliesin, copyright 1953 by the National Broadcasting Company. Aspects of creative work: Theory of Conservation Submitted by: Manasi Pundlik, Code: AC-0212 Page 1 concrete cantilevered terraces were anchored to the rock and thus it was placed between the rocky outcrop and the stream, parallel to an old wooden bridge. The house was conceived as a living space projecting above the falls and into the forest, similar to the ledges of rock along the cliffs, and beneath the stream. 2 Initial sketches of the house 2 Frank Lloyd Wright’s Fallingwater, the house and its history, copyright 1993 by Dover Publications, Inc. Aspects of creative work: Theory of Conservation Submitted by: Manasi Pundlik, Code: AC-0212 Page 2 First floor plan Second floor Plan Aspects of creative work: Theory of Conservation Submitted by: Manasi Pundlik, Code: AC-0212 Page 3 Third floor plan There were four boulders on northern side of the stream, Wright placed living room floor above one of the boulder. Spaces inside the house were framed by five nearly equal bays. West bay defined the kitchen and two bed rooms above. Two middle bays after that formed the central space of the living room. Mrs. Kauffmann’s room was on first floor and a long gallery at the third level was provided above the living room in the middle bay. The Fourth bay or east bay defined sky lighted study area, principle entrance and stairs, while guest room was built over the eastern bay above the main entry and staircase. The fifth and the last bay encompassed the east living room terrace and the entrance loggia. South Elevation Aspects of creative work: Theory of Conservation Submitted by: Manasi Pundlik, Code: AC-0212 Page 4 West Elevation The terrace besides the west living was cantilevered past the line of the west kitchen wall and thus the monotonous and simplistic expression of the bay module was avoided, enhancing the drama of cantilever. On the ground floor a pool kind of space was created this can be accessed by floating staircase. The pool was constructed as per clients wish, it could have been constructed anywhere, but Wright placed it in such a way that as if it is part of the stream. Floating staircase adds to the feeling of one big flowing space from where you cannot separate nature from the building. The cantilevers in the house already appeared everywhere at Bear Run, not just in the rock ledges, but in the long green leaves of the laurel and rhododendron. 3 Wright said that he saw them as a profoundly natural principle. With little sense of its latent poetry or expressive potential and with imagination the cantilever could be turned into the most romantic and free of all structural principles. These cantilevers appear as if they are the driving boards, their one end is anchored to the boulder and other end extends out into space with no vertical support underneath its free end. These series of cantilevers rest on three bolsters and they rise from the edge of the stream as if on tiptoe in support of the cantilevered slab of the first floor. Even if the house has an overriding strong horizontal force expressed through series of terraces it never feels out of place and it never tries to empower itself from the nature. The series of terraces appear as if they are floating on the stream. Even the material used for construction is justified in every sense. Sandstone used gels with the surroundings which was quarried about 500 feet west of the waterfalls and due to the rough shifting manner it appeared as if they are coming out of the rocky outcrop. Wright was inspired from nature and by using glass in windows and walls he created a space which is inseparable from its surroundings. Glass gave different perspectives form inside as well as from outside. In the daytime it becomes very reflective and appears as mirror like surface created by still and clear pond water, while in the night glass appears as if it disappeared. The bold projecting cantilevers are made of reinforced concrete but they echo the rocky landscape. New material helped Wright to build large floating terraces. Even the colours which were used like the pale ochre colour given to the beams matched with the back of a fallen rhododendron leaf. You read "Aspects of Creative Work" in category "Papers" 3 Frank Lloyd Wright’s Fallingwater, the house and its history, copyright 1993 by Dover Publications, Inc. Aspects of creative work: Theory of Conservation Submitted by: Manasi Pundlik, Code: AC-0212 Page 5 When Wright visited the site for first time every aspect of the building to be constructed was clear to him. He imagined and designed the house then and there itself in his mind. Every little detail in the house adds to the exquisite designing. The whole idea to live around the stream and not just look at it from a distance is fascinating. Mr. Kauffman loved the stream but no one ever thought of building a house there. Wright very modestly says that â€Å"by way of concentrated thought, the idea is likely to spring into life all at once and be completed eventually with the unity of a living organism. 4 Thus when I studied the architectural and structural aspects of Fallingwater I realized how the architect was inspired from the setting and how he imagined the building in first site visit and he never deviated from that imagination. His principle of organic architecture can be seen in every aspect of the building from choosing the site, designing flowing spaces which follow function too, to choosing right materials to express it. Use of natural material like sandstone so that the building becomes part of the landscape, and use of modern material like reinforced concrete for structural stability and strong and bold form of terrace. Entrance to the site was so thoughtful that while crossing the wooden bridge and approaching the entrance of the house you get a feeling of uphill journey into a private territory, even though the entrance was at an elevation only six inches higher than the bridge roadway. By understanding all these aspects one can realize the cultural significance of the building. After industrial evolution and emergence of modern architecture, concepts of cultural significance are changed. It doesn’t mean that we don’t respect our cultural heritage, but it forces us to understand significance in different erspective. These examples we study in Indigenous traditional architecture and that we study in modern architecture have very different significance. Modern architecture like Fallingwater has cultural significance because it shows us how lifestyle of India as well as whole world has changed over time. How architecture changed over time. How our culture and architecture evolved due to British rule and also due to exchange of ideas and culture. When we are studying about conservation all these aspects are very important to understand a building. Wright, in the Architectural Forum, 94 (Jan. 1951), p. 93 Aspects of creative work: Theory of Conservation Submitted by: Manasi Pundlik, Code: AC-0212 Page 6 Replica and memory: Frank Lloyd Wright’s Fallingwater Frank Lloyd Wright was an American architect, born in Richland Center, Wisconsin. His mother, Anna Lloyd Wright had a great influence in shaping of his life.. Things which he learned on his uncle’s farm helped him to relate to nature. The architectural style which he developed has a strong belongingness to nature. In initial practice Wright worked with Louis Sullivan and his principle of Form follows function is also seen in Wright’s work. Inspired from principles of Sullivan he created his own style inspired from nature i. e. Organic Architecture, an American style in architecture that even influenced the best European builders of the 20th century. For Wright, organic architecture should incorporate: †¢ †¢ †¢ Designs based on nature Natural building materials and, Architectural plans that integrate buildings with nature A classic example of organic architecture, Fallingwater, created in 1936, at Bear Run, Pennsylvania, showcases Wright’s skills and his command on his imagination. The client Mr. Kauffman wanted to build a weekend country house near Bear Run stream where he and his family can enjoy the fall. When Wright visited the site he had something different in mind. He knew that the Kauffmann’s loved the stream, so instead of designing a house which overlooks the stream he designed a house where you can live in the stream and enjoy every bit of it. The whole structure is built such that it never tries to empower itself from nature. It sits quietly on the rocks as if it belongs there. This dynamic building is suspended over a fall, which pours down from underneath one of Wright’s bold projecting terraces. The building seems to grow out of the landscape. Flowing spaces, extended terraces besides the living and dining rooms brought nature into the house. Even though a modern material like reinforced concrete was used for constructing terraces it merged with the surroundings as if they were part of the rocky site. Glass used for walls and windows, pale ochre coloured sandstone used all added belongingness. Sandstone used for construction was queried from nearby site Fallingwater is both integrated into the landscape and designed to echo the shapes of the landscape where it is nestled. Wright allows a boulder from the site to penetrate the floor of the house, so that the natural rock foundation actually merges with the interior of the house. This boulder forms the living room fireplace. With this design element, Wright blends rock, fire and water. Aspects of creative work: Theory of Conservation Submitted by: Manasi Pundlik, Code: AC-0212 Page 7 Wright embeds his building supports into solid rock and even manages to build around nature, totally integrating his structure into the natural landscape. For instance, Wright actually built around a tree, incorporating the tree into the design of his building. The extreme union of human habitat and natural world is visible in the stairs that are suspended directly over the falls. These stairs go nowhere they simply allow people to experience the falls and be in direct contact with nature. Glass windows in the living room , extended beams on the second floor which act as trellis beams for first floor and all such small details emerge from Wrights inspiration of bringing nature into the building, so that the building is part of nature and the people living inside should also feel the same way. That is what organic architecture is. Replica – Dictionary Meaning: : an exact copy or model of something Memory: the faculty by which the mind stores and remembers information, a person or thing remembered, the length of time over which one can remember things. Every artist tries to interpret nature in its own way. Some get inspired from some form of flower or any form which exists in nature, some understand nature and try to relate their understanding of nature by reinterpreting it. Some try to interpret on paper, some by composing music, some by building, but basic concept is same to understand nature. In terms of architecture, Frank Lloyd Wright felt the need of relatin g his structures with the nature. He tried to interpret nature by evolving his architectural style which was close to nature. Replica means a model which is inspired from something which belongs to nature and had gone through a process of evolution. It can never be exactly same as the inspiration but the essence remains. When a model lacks spirit, essence and inspiration it is merely a copy. Replica cannot be studied in isolation of its context. Context, cultural significance is very important to understand from where the artist got its inspiration. 5 Ed. Catherine Soanes, Oxford dictionary thesaurus, Oxford university press, New York (2005) Aspects of creative work: Theory of Conservation Submitted by: Manasi Pundlik, Code: AC-0212 Page 8 How to cite Aspects of Creative Work, Papers

Contract Law Text - Cases - and Materials

Question: Discuss about the Contract Law for Text, Cases, and Materials. Answer: Introduction Every valid contract should have the element of consideration, which is the benefit that the parties receive by entering into the agreement. Different situations have been provided and it is asked whether consideration is present and if the agreement is enforceable by law. Further a situation has been provided where one party uses pressure tactics to make the other party enter into a business transaction which requires it to make a payment in excess of what was agreed in an earlier contract between them. The party which makes the excess payment takes steps to recover it in the court. It is asked whether the party would be able to recover this amount in the court of law. Consideration is the crucial element to the validity of every contract. It is a type of benefit that each party gets or expects from the deal. It increases the bargaining power of two parties in exchange for return promises and performance of other parties (Miller, 2016). It is very important for every valid contract which is enforceable by law. If there is the absence of any one condition that not satisfies the consideration terms the agreement becomes void. Every valid contract must have consideration. Consideration refers that the one party buys the other party promise with a specific In the given scenario Jane offers her sports car to Jack and the market value is around $25,000 and Jack accepts. As per the terms of the valid contract, the consideration is not taken because as per the Australian court laws consideration refers that the offeror pays money to offeree for goods or services and receives nothing in return. So in the above case, it can be seen that Jane offers her car t o Jack but Jack would not give any price in return to her. So the consideration is not in the contract and it is void by nature. Consideration has some monetary and non-monetary value and it is enforceable by law (Vagts et. al 2015). In the given case it not fulfills the condition of consideration aspect in the agreement because it lacks the promises and benefits conditions in the agreement. Lack of consideration element exists in the agreement between the two parties in the above case. As per the study of this case, it is analyzed that the due to missing aspect of consideration in agreement it is void according to the Australian court and it is not enforceable by the court (Smith et. al 2012). In this scenario, it can be seen that the Jane sells her car to Jake for $25,000.In this situation, consideration is exists in agreement (Latimer, 2012). Because it has a monetary value i.e. $25000.So it is considered as valid consideration between the two parties. Furthermore, the agreement between two parties indicates that there is a mutual benefit to the parties in exchange for promise and price. The mutual consent of two parties with exchange benefits leads to consideration is valid in agreement. In the given scenario contract between Jane and Jack buys and sells the promise and performance with specified price i.e. $25,000 that results in the agreement consideration in present (Kopel, 2012). Similarly, the deal between the Jane and Jack reveals the offer and acceptance conditions with agreed price that makes an agreement enforceable by an Australian court of law. The agreement is valid because it has some monetary value and it is enforceable by the mutual understanding of two parties (Nolo, 2016). Hence this agreement is valid because both the parties perform their actions according to their commitments like selling and buying of activities and consideration exists in the contract and it is valid and enforceable by the law of court (USLegal, 2016). In this scenario, consideration is existing with the mutual consent of two parties but it is an inadequate consideration but the agreement is not void because it has some value and it is bind by the rules and regulations of the contract. In this contract, Jane offers her car to Jack for $2500. But the market value of the car in good condition is $25000. So as per the common laws and regulations of the Australian court this consideration has some specific price or value (Lawstuff, 2016). So it is sufficient consideration due to its monetary value. Apart from the legal part, it is not an adequate consideration because it has very less value like the sale of a car in $2500 instead of $25000.In the given situation Jane and Jack not enters into the agreement with good consideration but according to Australian law, this is enforceable. Hereby, it can be seen that this agreement between two parties does not violate any common laws and policies. It reveals the existence of consideration in t he contract and it is enforceable by federal and state laws of Australia. In addition, it can be seen that this agreement has legal and financial aspects that make the consideration and gives full rights to the party to deny the contract legally (Hart, 2012). According to contract law, an agreement can be unenforceable due to lack of mutual consent of the parties (Weinrib, 2012). So it does not satisfy the conditions of the enforcement of an agreement. As per the analysis of above situation, it can be seen that the agreement between both the parties is not a good offer due to inadequate price. The market value of the car is $25000 but Jane sells the car at $2500 i.e., not an adequate offer that makes the agreement unenforceable. In this case, Jack can use the effective approach to defense to unenforce the agreement (Schwenzer et. al 2012). The effective approach helps in the situation when the consideration is not good. The effective approach helps to reduce the problems in adequate contract. Similarly, it can be analyzed from the above situation that the Australian court of law considers the main aspects in the agreement such as mutual consent of the parties, Offer and acceptance of the parties which is valid and consideration. In the de al of Jack and Jane which is legally right because it follows all the terms and conditions of the contract and follows the law procedures of Australia (McKendrick, 2014). But on the other side of the law, it can be seen that this contract is not enforceable by law due to invalid offer. The given case deals with the situation of duress as provided by the Australian law. More specifically it is about economic duress (Mckendrick and Liu, 2015). As given in the case, North Ocean Tankers had entered into a contract with a shipbuilder. According to this contract, the shipbuilder was to construct a ship for North Ocean Tankers. There was no provision in the contract regarding currency fluctuations. As it happened half way through the building of the ship the United States Of America devalued its currency by ten percent. This obviously meant that the real value of the payment that the ship builder would receive for making the ship for North Ocean Tankers would come down and the ship builder would make a loss in real terms due to devaluation of the United States Of Americas currency. The shipbuilder demanded an extra payment of three million US dollars, if not done so by the North Ocean Tankers, threatened to stop the construction work on the ship. It becomes clear from above that there was a valid contract between the shipbuilder and North Ocean Tankers. A contract is an agreement which is enforceable by law (Paterson, Robertson and Duke, 2012). But the North Ocean Tankers decided to bend to the demands of the shipbuilder as it had a charter to deliver the ship on time to some another organization. So there were economic factors that North Ocean Tankers had to consider and it took the decision to make an additional payment of three million US dollars, although no such requirement was given in the original contract between the shipbuilder and North Ocean Tankers. It becomes clear that the shipbuilder was using pressure tactics against North Ocean Tankers to get the additional payment and the latter bowed to that pressure. The central question in the case is whether North Ocean Tanker would be able to recover the excess payment it made to the shipbuilder in the court of law. According to the Australian law, duress involves use of violence or threat against a person, their goods or economic interest to force them to enter into a contract against their will. In the first type of duress, there is actual or threatened violence to person, family or near relatives. In the second kind of duress, there is wrongful threat to seize, damage or destroy the goods of one of the parties to the contract. The third kind of duress is economic duress where one of the parties applies economic pressure beyond normal acceptable commercial practice. The given case between North Ocean Tanker and the shipbuilder is an instance of economic duress. In this case the shipbuilder has taken advantage of strength of its bargaining position when there was an existing contract, to force North Ocean Tanker to enter into a transaction to provide an excess payment not stipulated in the present contract. In the present case the court would see whether North Ocean Tanker had other options available like getting a ship made by some other shipbuilder. It becomes clear from the details of the given case that North Ocean Tanker had entered into an agreement with some other party to supply the ship. Therefore North Ocean Tanker could not get the ship made by some other party to deliver it on time. Moreover, the shipbuilder was not acting in good faith. The shipbuilder could have made the ship in time but was interested in excess payment. If the shipbuilder had been more careful, it would have provided for the currency fluctuations in the original co ntract. But the shipbuilder failed to do so. Now the shipbuilder was unfairly putting undue pressure and getting excess payments (Mckendrick and Liu, 2015). This is a clear case of economic duress and the court would make the contract between the shipbuilder and North Ocean Tanker voidable by North Ocean Tanker. In these circumstances North Ocean Tanker would be able to recover the excess payment of three million US dollars by the order of the court. There is a really good chance that the court of law would give a judgement in the favour of North Ocean tanker. But the court would also consider why North Ocean Tanker did not rescind the new agreement to provide excess payment to shipbuilder later on and took so long to apply to the court for recovering the additional payment. There is another case Austin V Loral 29 N.Y 2 d 124 (1971) involving economic duress (Miller, 2006). In this case Austin, a small gear part manufacturer supplied parts to Loral, a defense industry supplier. Loral had a contract with the United States Of America Government to supply radar sets used in Vietnam. Austin demanded higher price from Loral under revised terms for gear parts. New York Court of Appeals held Loral agreed to Austin price demands under economic distress. In relation to consumer contracts, section 50 of Australian Consumer law contained in Schedule 2 of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (previously section 60 of the Trade Practices Act) provides protection to the party in a contract which has been a subject of duress (Australiancontractlaw, 2016). In another case Electricity Generation Corporation t/as Verve Energy V Woodside Energy Limited (2013) the Western Australian Supreme Court of Appeal held that the essential elements of duress were satisfied (Doylesarbitrationlawyers.com.au, 2016). This case also throws light on the circumstances when the court would decide in a contract that there is case of economic duress (Andrews, 2015). In this case the parties entered into a Gas Sale Agreement under which Woodside was required to supply gas upto a maximum daily quantity to the other party to the contract. Further it was required that Woodside should make reasonable efforts to provide additional amount of gas upto a supplemental daily quantity. As it happened there was an explosion at a gas producing facility of Apache, one of the major suppliers of gas leading to rise in gas prices. Woodside refused to supply additional amount of gas to Verve Energy at the agreed prices and put pressure on the latter to enter into short term gas agreements for the supply of gas at a much higher rates. Verve agreed for the new higher rates. In this case the Australian Court decided that all conditions of economic duress were present. In the cases of pressure tactics used by one of the parties to enter into new agreements, the court would carefully look into the circumstances surrounding the case and then decide whether the pressure is illegitimate or not. The compulsions or economic needs of the party would be carefully analyzed before establishing that it was a case of economic duress (Geest, 2011). Conclusion Consideration is a very important aspect in an agreement. If there is no consideration in an agreement, it is not enforceable by law. An agreement is enforceable by law even if one of the parties feels that the consideration is inadequate. If one of the parties in a contract is in a weak position because of economic aspects of a business situation it is facing elsewhere then sometimes the stronger party in that contract would force the other party to enter into a new agreement to make excess payments which can be considered as an unfair act and a case of economic duress. It is upto the court of law to decide whether the pressure applied by the stronger party is legitimate or not. Sometimes a judgement given by a lower court is contradicted and overturned by the higher court. 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